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Masonry oven – china Lug butterfly valve – Strainer
Technology
A 2000-era gas-fired masonry oven used in a restaurant.
The function of a masonry oven is to trap and radiate heat from a fire, either built within the oven itself (a black or Roman oven, as described above) or in a firebox that vents into the oven (a white oven); smoke is vented through the front of the oven, either directly to the outside or through a chimney immediately above the oven door. The front-loading masonry design is somewhat more heat-efficient than an open-topped oven like a tandoor, allowing the use of stored heat and low fires for long bakes instead of requiring a live fire at all times.
Masonry ovens are generally built with fire-resistant materials like firebrick or clay, or even directly cast from refractory cement. Those designed for bread use are generally quite heavily built to store several hours’ worth of heat after completely burning a load of wood, while those designed for pizza or other live-fire cooking techniques can have thinner construction. Generally, a properly-built Roman-plan oven is roughly egg-shaped, with the ceiling of the oven constructed as an arch over the baking surface. The front entrance is ideally approximately 63%5% the height of the top of the oven ceiling; too high and heat is lost, too low and the oven does not heat completely.
The “white oven” is a somewhat more complex design that pipes heat in from an external firebox without routing the smoke from the fire through the oven. A compromise design known as the gueulard in France combines aspects of both internal and external-fired models.
Modern-designed masonry ovens sometimes bear little resemblance to their forebears, sometimes having only a concrete deck (similar to a pizza stone) inside a more conventional oven exterior. Such devices are primarily used in commercial settings, though tabletop models are available. The governments of Russia and Finland have done research into optimizing the design of wood-burning ovens. Simulating the effects of a masonry oven
It is possible to get some of the benefits of a masonry oven without constructing a full oven. The most common method is the stoneware pizza stone, which stores heat while the oven is preheating and transmits it directly to the bottom of the pizza. Bread and meat can be cooked in a type of covered ceramic casserole dish known variously as a cloche, a Schlemmertopf (brand name), or the like. Most expensive is a ceramic or stoneware oven liner that provides many of the benefits of a cloche without restricting the baker to one size of pan.
It is sometimes possible to cook bread on a grill to simulate the use of radiant heat in a masonry oven; while this is generally reserved for flatbreads and pizzas, a few recipes for loaf breads are designed to use a grill as well, with or without a masonry or ceramic heating surface. Traditional masonry ovens
The precursor to most modern masonry oven designs is the earth oven.
Masonry ovens are used in the Persian Gulf for the preparation of the traditional khubz bread.
In India, tandoors are traditional clay ovens, although these days modern electrically fired tandoors are available. The open-topped tandoor is a transitional design between the earth oven and the Roman-plan masonry oven. See also
Dutch oven
Outdoor cooking
Wood-fired oven
Chimenea References
^ “Rules of the VPN Association”. Verace Pizza Napoletana Association. 1998. http://www.verapizzanapoletana.org/vpn/rules.html. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
^ Cookery equipment manufacturer Cuisinart sells a tabletop “brick oven” that uses a pizza stone-like lining to store heat for baking.
^ “French-Style Country Bread”. King Arthur Flour. http://www.kingarthurflour.com/shop/recipe.jsp?recipe_id=R255. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
Wing, Daniel, and Alan Scott, The Bread Builders. Chelsea Green, 1999, ISBN 1890132055. Author’s website www.ovencrafters.net.
Denzer, Kiko, & Hannah Field, Build Your Own Earth Oven: A Low-Cost, Wood-fired, mud oven; Simple sourdough bread, Perfect loaves, 3d edition, 2006. Hand Print Press, ISBN 9780967984674
FILM:Tyrolean Ovens and Stoves, masonry for baking and heating. Gregor Scheer, Vinestreetworks 2006 . More information and a trailer at http://vinestreetworks.com External links
Pompeii Oven Plans Free wood-fired masonry oven plans.
Traditional pizza ovens Information related to masonry ovens building and cooking.
Alan Scott’s Ovencrafters site
Handprint Press, publisher of Build Your Own Earth Oven, by Kiko Denzer, a DIY guide to an inexpensive, back-yard masonry oven (also called a “cob oven”) made from the dirt underfoot.
Woodfiredpizza.org (includes oven plans, FAQs, and recipes)
Ozarkdreams.com/brickoven.htm (Wood fired pizza oven construction, material sources, hints, recipes and related links)
Build a bread oven (Details about 2 constructions : a clay oven and a tiles oven)
English Language Wood Oven User Group Masonry oven online forum. Categories: Fireplaces | Masonry | Baking | Barbecue | Cooking appliances
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